Can you check inside invoice ninja, on the dashboard page there is a System Logs tab, this will detail any errors Invoice Ninja sees when attempting to send emails.
And what exactly is your email service provider? Service providers such as gmail often change access levels on the fly based on usage. For example, Gmail will allow you to connect with “less secure apps” when enabled, but then it will disable that permission if it hasn’t been used in “a while”. It’s frustrating, but there is no way to change this behavior on the Google account settings, and the only truly correct way to address it is to set up 2FA and use an app-password. It looks like you are using some independent German mail service provider based on your mail host.
Is that a slightly edited copy paste of your config in .env? The line for MAIL_USERNAME appears to have an ‘l’ at the very end, can you verify that your MAIL_USERNAME and MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS are exactly the same, as some mail providers will also block you if you are using different values for these two fields.
Also check storage/logs/laravel.log for any references to SMTP for more information.
Finally you can also try sending an invoice email from InvoiceNinja itself to mail-tester.com